Arkansas solar incentives

The residential solar market in Arkansas has undergone a profound structural metamorphosis throughout 2024 and 2025. For nearly a decade, the state was characterized by one of the most favorable distributed generation policies in the American South, largely driven by a legislatively mandated one-to-one Net Energy Metering (NEM) framework. This policy environment catalyzed significant growth in residential, commercial, and agricultural solar adoption, allowing system owners to offset their consumption with generation at the full retail rate of electricity. However, the regulatory and economic architecture supporting this growth has been fundamentally dismantled and reconstructed under the auspices of Act 278, the Arkansas Renewable Energy Development Cost-Shifting Prevention Act of 2023.
As of November 2025, the "golden era" of simple payback calculations based on retail rate compensation has closed. The deadline for "Legacy" status passed on September 30, 2024, leaving new market entrants to navigate a complex environment defined by "Net Energy Billing" (NEB). Under this new regime, exported energy is no longer valued at the retail rate but at the utility’s "avoided cost"—a wholesale market rate that is often 60% to 70% lower than the price homeowners pay for electricity.1 This shift has decoupled the value of solar generation from utility rates, fundamentally altering the return on investment (ROI) profile for grid-tied systems and necessitating a technological pivot toward energy storage integration.
Compounding this state-level regulatory contraction is a volatile federal incentive landscape. While the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) remains a critical financial lever at 30% for systems placed in service before the end of 2025, broader federal support mechanisms have collapsed. The cancellation of the Environmental Protection Agency's "Solar for All" program in August 2025, following the repeal of key sections of the Inflation Reduction Act, has eliminated anticipated subsidies for low-income households and community solar projects.3
This report provides an exhaustive analysis of the current state of solar incentives in Arkansas. It examines the intricate mechanics of the new avoided-cost tariffs, the specific rate structures of major utilities like Entergy Arkansas and SWEPCO, and the critical importance of the expiring federal ITC. Furthermore, it investigates the rising tide of consumer protection issues identified by the Arkansas Attorney General, offering a detailed roadmap for homeowners to navigate a market now fraught with deceptive sales practices and complex economic trade-offs.

2. The Federal Incentive Structure in 2025

The primary driver of solar economics in the United States has long been the federal tax code. In 2025, this reliance on federal policy has intensified as state-level incentives in Arkansas have diminished. Understanding the nuances of these federal mechanisms is essential for any homeowner considering an investment in renewable energy infrastructure.

2.1 The Investment Tax Credit (ITC): Mechanics and Deadlines

The Residential Clean Energy Credit, codified under 26 U.S.C. § 25D, serves as the financial bedrock for the residential solar industry. For the tax year 2025, this credit allows eligible homeowners to deduct 30% of the qualified costs of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system from their federal income tax liability.4

2.1.1 The Critical 2025 Deadline

Unlike previous iterations of the solar tax credit, which featured gradual phase-down schedules, the current legislative landscape presents a "cliff" scenario. According to industry analysis and legislative texts, the residential solar tax credit is scheduled to expire for projects not placed in service by December 31, 2025.4 This hard deadline has created significant urgency within the market.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) applies a strict definition to the term "placed in service." It is not sufficient for a homeowner to have signed a contract, paid a deposit, or even to have the equipment delivered to their property by the end of the year. The system must be fully installed and capable of generating electricity to qualify for the 2025 credit.4 This distinction is vital because supply chain disruptions or permitting delays—common in the latter half of the year—could push a project’s completion into 2026, potentially disqualifying it from the 30% incentive entirely.

2.1.2 Scope of Eligible Expenditures

The ITC is comprehensive in its coverage of system costs. Qualified expenditures include:

• Solar Photovoltaic Panels: The core generation hardware.
• Balance of System (BOS) Components: This includes inverters, racking systems, wiring, and conduit necessary for the system's operation.
• Labor Costs: Allocations for onsite preparation, assembly, and original installation are fully eligible.8
• Permitting and Inspection Fees: Costs associated with local jurisdiction approvals.
• Energy Storage Technology: Battery storage systems with a capacity of at least 3 kilowatt-hours (kWh) are eligible for the 30% credit. Importantly, following changes in the tax code, these batteries qualify even if they are installed as standalone units or retrofitted to an existing solar array, provided the installation occurs within the eligible window.6

It is crucial to note that the credit is non-refundable. This means that if the tax credit amount exceeds the homeowner's tax liability for the year, the IRS will not issue a check for the difference. However, unused portions of the credit can typically be carried forward to future tax years to offset subsequent liability, provided the credit was validly established in the year of installation.7

2.2 The Rise and Fall of the "Solar for All" Program

A significant component of the 2024-2025 solar narrative in Arkansas was the anticipation of the "Solar for All" program, a $7 billion federal initiative designed to expand access to solar energy for low-income and disadvantaged communities. This program was administered under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) and managed in Arkansas by the Hope Enterprise Corporation (HEC).11

2.2.1 Program Objectives and Initial Awards

In early 2024, the EPA awarded approximately $93.67 million to HEC to develop solar leasing markets and community solar projects specifically targeted at reducing energy burdens for lower-income Arkansans.11 The program was designed to provide financial products that would overcome the barriers of high upfront costs and credit score requirements that traditionally exclude marginalized communities from the solar market. HEC had outlined a roadmap for deploying these funds, with residential lease programs expected to launch in the fall of 2025 and procurement for multifamily projects scheduled for June 2025.13

2.2.2 The August 2025 Termination

The trajectory of this program was abruptly altered by federal legislative changes in mid-2025. Following the enactment of the "Working Families Tax Cut" in July 2025, which repealed Section 134 of the Clean Air Act, the statutory authority for the GGRF was revoked.3 On August 7, 2025, the EPA Administrator formally announced the termination of the Solar for All program and the rescission of all remaining funds.3
This policy reversal has had immediate and tangible impacts on the Arkansas market:

• Elimination of Low-Income Subsidies: Households that were waiting for HEC-subsidized leases or grants no longer have access to these financial instruments.
• Cancellation of Community Projects: Multifamily housing developments that had incorporated Solar for All funding into their capital stacks have been forced to cancel or indefinitely delay solar installations.
• Market Contraction: Solar developers who had scaled their workforce and inventory in anticipation of a government-subsidized boom are now facing excess capacity, leading to potential business instability.3

The termination of Solar for All serves as a stark reminder of the risks associated with relying on grant-based incentives. For Arkansas homeowners in late 2025, the only remaining reliable federal incentive is the ITC, and its window of availability is rapidly closing.

3. State Regulatory Framework: The Post-Act 278 Era

While federal incentives reduce the upfront cost of a solar system, state regulations determine the long-term value of the energy that system produces. In Arkansas, this regulatory environment is defined entirely by Act 278, passed by the 94th General Assembly in 2023. This legislation, titled the "Arkansas Renewable Energy Development Cost-Shifting Prevention Act," effectively ended the practice of net metering as it had existed for two decades.15

3.1 The Legislative Rationale: "Cost-Shifting"

The intellectual underpinning of Act 278 is the concept of "cost-shifting." Investor-owned utilities and legislative proponents argued that traditional 1:1 net metering allowed solar customers to avoid paying for the fixed infrastructure of the grid—poles, wires, transformers, and maintenance crews—while still relying on that grid for power at night and during cloudy periods. By offsetting their bill to zero, these customers were purportedly shifting the burden of grid maintenance onto non-solar ratepayers.16
Act 278 mandated the Arkansas Public Service Commission (APSC) to adopt new rules that would ensure solar customers contribute their "fair share" to grid costs. This mandate resulted in the creation of a two-tiered system that bifurcates the market based on the date of interconnection.2

3.2 Tier 1: Legacy Net Metering (The Grandfathered Class)

The "Legacy" classification represents the gold standard of solar compensation in Arkansas. However, access to this tier is now closed for new systems.

• Eligibility Cutoff: To qualify for Legacy status, a solar system must have had a complete interconnection request submitted on or before September 30, 2024.2
• Compensation Mechanism: These systems operate under traditional Net Energy Metering (NEM). Energy exported to the grid offsets energy consumed from the grid on a one-to-one kilowatt-hour (kWh) basis. If a homeowner exports 1 kWh at noon, they can import 1 kWh at night for free.
• Duration of Benefits: Legacy systems are "grandfathered" into this rate structure until June 1, 2040, providing a 20-year window of stability from the 2020 rulemaking era.2
• Transferability: A critical and often overlooked feature of the Legacy status is that it attaches to the premise, not the person. If a homeowner with a Legacy system sells their property, the new owner inherits the 1:1 net metering agreement for the remainder of the grandfathering term.2 This creates a potentially significant premium for homes with pre-Act 278 solar installations, as they possess a financial asset that can no longer be replicated.

3.3 Tier 2: Non-Legacy Net Metering (The New Reality)

For any homeowner submitting an interconnection application after September 30, 2024, the rules are fundamentally different. This regime is often referred to as "Net Energy Billing" (NEB) or "Instantaneous Netting."

• Compensation Mechanism: Under this framework, the netting of energy does not happen on a monthly basis. Instead, the utility meter measures energy flow instantaneously (or in very short intervals).
  • Self-Consumption: Any solar energy consumed immediately by the home's appliances is effectively "valued" at the retail rate because it avoids the purchase of electricity.
  • Grid Exports: Any solar energy not immediately consumed is sent to the grid and credited at the utility's "Avoided Cost" rate.2
• The Avoided Cost Rate: This rate represents the marginal cost for the utility to generate or purchase one additional unit of electricity. Because it excludes the costs of transmission, distribution, and administrative overhead, the avoided cost is significantly lower than the retail rate. While retail rates in Arkansas may hover around 11–13 cents per kWh, avoided cost rates typically range from 3 to 5 cents per kWh.18

This pricing disparity creates a profound economic penalty for exporting power. A homeowner who generates 100% of their daily energy needs during a 5-hour solar window but consumes that energy over a 24-hour period will find themselves selling low (at 4 cents) and buying high (at 12 cents). The result is a monthly electric bill that remains substantial, even if the solar system produced as much energy as the home used in total.

4. Utility-Specific Market Analysis

The implications of Act 278 are not uniform across the state. Each utility has its own specific tariffs, riders, and avoided cost calculations that nuance the economic equation for homeowners. A detailed examination of the major providers reveals the specific challenges facing consumers in different service territories.

4.1 Entergy Arkansas

As the largest investor-owned utility in the state, Entergy Arkansas serves a vast number of residential customers and has been at the forefront of implementing the Act 278 mandates.

4.1.1 Non-Legacy Tariff Implementation

Entergy has established the "Non-Legacy Net-Metering" (NLN-M) tariff for all new solar customers. The credit rate for excess generation under this tariff is recalculated annually based on the utility's filing with the APSC. For 2025, the credited rate is based on the estimated annual average avoided cost, which hovers near the wholesale market price of power in the MISO (Midcontinent Independent System Operator) region.20
A critical detail in Entergy’s tariff structure is the handling of "Net Excess Generation" (NEG). Under the Legacy rules, NEG could be rolled over indefinitely. Under the Non-Legacy rules, while credits still accumulate, their value is so low that accumulating a significant "bank" to offset winter bills is mathematically difficult. Furthermore, if a customer terminates service, Entergy purchases any remaining credits at the avoided cost rate, ensuring there is no windfall for the exiting customer.21

4.1.2 The Solar Energy Purchase Option (SEPO)

Entergy also offers an alternative program known as the Solar Energy Purchase Option (SEPO). This allows customers to subscribe to blocks of solar energy (in 1 kW increments) generated by Entergy-owned facilities.

• The Mechanism: Subscribers pay a specific "Solar Energy Rate" ($0.05345 per kWh) for the energy produced by their subscribed block, which is then credited against the market settlement rate.22
• The Catch: Homeowners must carefully analyze the net benefit. If the market settlement rate is lower than the subscription rate plus the standard retail rate, the customer may end up paying a premium for the privilege of claiming solar usage. Crucially, customers utilizing net metering (Legacy or Non-Legacy) are explicitly barred from participating in SEPO, preventing the stacking of benefits.22

4.1.3 Interconnection Friction

Reports from late 2024 and 2025 suggest that interconnection for larger projects within Entergy’s territory has become increasingly fraught with delays and high costs. The Little Rock School District, for example, faced a delay of over a year and an initial interconnection fee quote of nearly $1.4 million for a solar project.23 While this case involved a commercial-scale system, it signals potential capacity constraints on distribution circuits. Residential customers in areas with high solar penetration may face their own delays or requirements for transformer upgrades, the costs of which can now be more easily passed through to the customer under the cost-shifting prevention logic of Act 278.

4.2 First Electric Cooperative

Electric cooperatives often serve rural and semi-rural areas and operate under a different business model than investor-owned utilities. First Electric Cooperative presents a specifically challenging economic environment for solar adoption due to its rate design.

4.2.1 High Fixed Costs and Minimum Bills

First Electric utilizes a rate structure that shifts a significant portion of revenue collection from volumetric charges (per kWh) to fixed charges.

• Service Availability Charge: The standard single-phase residential rate includes a monthly fixed fee of $28.00.24 This fee effectively cannot be offset by solar generation.
• Minimum Bill: The cooperative enforces a minimum monthly bill of $31.00.24 Even if a solar system generates enough value to theoretically reduce the bill to zero, the customer will still be invoiced $31.00 every month.
• Implication: This structure creates a high "floor" for solar savings. A solar system must generate $372 worth of pure savings annually just to break even against the minimum bill, a feat that is significantly harder when exports are valued at avoided cost rates.

4.2.2 Seasonal Rate Differentials

First Electric employs a seasonal rate structure. The summer rate is approximately $0.125 per kWh for all usage. The winter rate is tiered, with the first 500 kWh charged at $0.125 and excess usage dropping to ~$0.109.24 This "declining block" rate in winter further reduces the potential savings for solar customers, as the electricity they are offsetting is already cheaper than the summer peak rates.

4.3 Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)

SWEPCO, serving western Arkansas, operates within the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) and has faced its own regulatory adjustments.

4.3.1 Settlement Agreements and Rate Cases

In the settlement of its 2025 rate case (Docket No. 23-021-R), SWEPCO and intervenors agreed to terms that solidified the utility's ability to use avoided cost rates for new net metering customers.25

• Export Rate: SWEPCO’s avoided cost compensation for 2025 is cited between 4 and 6 cents per kWh.19
• Grid Access Fees: Act 278 grants utilities the authority to request grid access fees or demand charges if they can prove it is in the public interest. While specific residential grid access fees 43 have not been universally implemented in Arkansas yet, the legal pathway exists. Homeowners in SWEPCO territory should be vigilant about reviewing rate case filings, as the utility has historically been aggressive in seeking cost recovery for renewable integration.25

5. The Economics of Solar in a Post-NEM World

The shift from retail net metering to avoided cost billing has fundamentally altered the Return on Investment (ROI) equation for Arkansas homeowners. The "payback period"—the time it takes for energy savings to cover the initial cost of the system—has extended significantly.

5.1 ROI Analysis: The "Value Gap"

Under the pre-2024 Legacy rules, payback periods for cash-purchased systems were typically in the range of 5 to 7 years. In the 2025 regulatory environment, these periods have stretched to 12 to 15 years or more for grid-tied solar systems without batteries.26
To understand this shift, consider a hypothetical scenario of a homeowner consuming 1,000 kWh per month and generating 1,000 kWh per month.

• Legacy Scenario (1:1 Netting): The 1,000 kWh of generation fully cancels out the 1,000 kWh of consumption. The bill is reduced to the fixed service charge (e.g., $15). The savings are approximately $120 per month (assuming a $0.12/kWh retail rate).
• Non-Legacy Scenario (Avoided Cost):
  • Self-Consumption (30%): 300 kWh are used immediately by the home. Savings: 300 * $0.12 = $36.
  • Exports (70%): 700 kWh are sent to the grid. Credit: 700 * $0.04 (avoided cost) = $28.
  • Imports: The homeowner must buy back the 700 kWh needed at night. Cost: 700 * $0.12 = $84.
  • Net Outcome: The homeowner receives a bill for $56 (Cost of Imports minus Export Credits) plus the fixed charge.
  • Total Monthly Savings: $64 (compared to $120 in the Legacy scenario).

In this scenario, the value of the solar system is reduced by nearly 47% simply due to the timing of energy usage.

5.2 Inflation and Utility Rate Escalation

One factor that partially mitigates this reduced value is the rising cost of electricity. Arkansas utilities have consistently sought rate increases to cover fuel costs and infrastructure investments. Entergy Arkansas, for example, projected rate increases in its Formula Rate Plan, although fuel adjustments can cause temporary decreases.27 As retail rates rise, the value of self-consumed solar energy rises proportionally. This makes the "self-consumption ratio" the single most important metric for solar economics in 2025.

6. The Imperative of Energy Storage

Given the punitive nature of avoided cost rates for exported power, the inclusion of battery storage in a solar system has transitioned from a luxury resilience add-on to an economic necessity.

6.1 Energy Arbitrage: Recovering Lost Value

The primary economic function of a battery in the post-Act 278 environment is "load shifting" or "energy arbitrage."

• Mechanism: Instead of exporting excess solar power at noon for 4 cents, the system stores that energy in the battery. In the evening, when the sun goes down, the house draws power from the battery instead of the grid.
• Economic Effect: Every kWh stored and used later essentially "converts" an avoided cost credit ($0.04) back into a retail savings event ($0.12).
• System Sizing: To maximize this benefit, the battery bank must be sized to capture the bulk of the daily excess production. A typical 13.5 kWh battery (like a Tesla Powerwall or equivalent) is often sufficient to cover the evening peak loads of an average energy-efficient home.

6.2 Financial Incentives for Storage

The economics of batteries are aided by the federal tax code. As of 2025, standalone battery storage systems with a capacity of 3 kWh or more are eligible for the 30% Investment Tax Credit.6 This applies regardless of whether the battery is installed with a new solar system or added to an existing one.

• State Incentives: Unfortunately, Arkansas does not offer specific state-level rebates for battery storage.29 There are no legislative mechanisms currently in place to reward homeowners for the grid services batteries provide, such as peak shaving, although demand response programs like Entergy's "Summer Advantage" hint at future possibilities for distributed energy resource (DER) aggregation.30

6.3 Resilience Value

Beyond economics, the resilience value of storage cannot be overstated. Arkansas is prone to severe weather events that cause grid outages. A grid-tied solar system without batteries is required by safety code (UL 1741) to shut down during a blackout to prevent back-feeding the lines.31 A system with batteries and a gateway controller can "island" the house, keeping the lights on and the solar panels producing even when the broader grid is down. For many homeowners, this peace of mind justifies the extended payback period of the storage hardware.

7. Consumer Protection: Navigating Scams and Deceptive Practices

The complexity of the transition from Net Metering to Net Billing has created an information asymmetry that bad actors are exploiting. The Arkansas Attorney General, Tim Griffin, has issued multiple consumer alerts throughout 2024 and 2025 regarding predatory sales tactics in the solar industry.33

7.1 Deceptive Marketing Tactics

The Attorney General’s office has identified several specific claims used by aggressive sales teams that misrepresent the reality of Arkansas solar laws:

1. "Eliminate Your Electric Bill": Salespeople often promise that solar will result in "no more electric bill." This is factually impossible for grid-tied customers. Fixed charges (like First Electric's $28 fee) and minimum bills persist regardless of generation. Furthermore, under avoided cost billing, eliminating the variable energy charge is mathematically difficult without massive oversizing.36
2. "Government Rebates" and "Free Solar": Scammers frequently conflate the Investment Tax Credit with a "rebate." A tax credit reduces tax liability; it is not a cash check mailed to the homeowner. Salespeople have been reported selling expensive systems to retirees with zero tax liability, leaving them with a large loan and no way to claim the 30% "discount" they were promised.34
3. "Utility Partnership" Claims: Some door-to-door solicitors imply they are working with or for the local utility (Entergy or the Co-op). Arkansas utilities explicitly state they do not partner with door-to-door solar sellers in this manner. Entergy Arkansas has issued warnings to customers to be wary of individuals claiming such affiliations.37
4. Misrepresenting Interconnection Status: There have been instances where companies install panels before receiving Interconnection Approval from the utility. This leaves the homeowner with a non-functioning system on their roof that they cannot turn on, while loan payments have already begun.32

7.2 Legal Recourse and Due Diligence

The Attorney General has emphasized that these practices violate the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (ADTPA).

• Cooling-Off Period: Under the Arkansas Home Solicitation Sales Act, consumers have a right to cancel contracts signed in their home within a specific cooling-off period. Scammers often try to bypass this by pushing for immediate installation.34
• Enforcement: The AG has sent enforcement advisories to solar companies, warning of civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation, which can be doubled if the victim is elderly.39

Homeowners are strongly advised to obtain multiple quotes, demand a written explanation of the "avoided cost" assumptions used in savings projections, and verify the contractor's licensure with the state.

8. Rural and Agricultural Opportunities

While the residential "Solar for All" program has been terminated, opportunities remain for rural Arkansans through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

8.1 The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP)

The REAP program provides guaranteed loan financing and grant funding to agricultural producers and rural small businesses for renewable energy systems.

• Eligibility: Agricultural producers (with at least 50% of gross income from agricultural operations) and small businesses in eligible rural areas.40
• Funding Status: The program received significant funding through the Inflation Reduction Act. However, administrative notices indicate that the USDA is not accepting REAP grant applications between July 1 and September 30, 2025, suggesting a temporary pause or funding cycle reset.40
• Strategic Importance: For rural homeowners who run a business from their property or engage in farming, REAP can provide grants covering up to 50% of total eligible project costs (under IRA rules), significantly improving the ROI compared to the residential ITC alone.41

8.2 USDA Single Family Housing Repair Loans

For very-low-income rural homeowners, the USDA Section 504 Home Repair program offers loans (up to $40,000) and grants (up to $10,000) that can be used to remove health and safety hazards. While not exclusively for solar, these funds can sometimes be applied to energy efficiency improvements that are prerequisites for a viable solar installation.42

9. Conclusion

The solar market in Arkansas in late 2025 is defined by a hard realism. The era of easy savings subsidized by 1:1 net metering has ended, replaced by a market that demands technological sophistication (battery storage) and financial literacy (understanding avoided cost).
Homeowners act most prudently when they approach solar not as a guaranteed money-printer, but as a long-term infrastructure investment. The loss of the EPA's "Solar for All" funds removes a safety net for low-income adoption, consolidating the market around homeowners with the capital to invest in storage and the tax liability to absorb the federal ITC.
The window to secure the 30% federal tax credit is closing rapidly, with the December 31, 2025 expiration date looming as the final barrier to entry for many. For those who can navigate the interconnection queues, secure honest contractors, and design systems for high self-consumption, solar remains a viable hedge against rising energy costs. However, the path to those savings is now narrower, steeper, and more complex than ever before.

Disclaimer

This report is based on publicly available information, legislative texts, utility regulatory filings, and government advisories current as of November 2025. It reflects the author’s analysis and is not intended as legal, financial, or tax advice. The regulatory environment is subject to change. Readers are strongly encouraged to consult with certified public accountants and qualified legal counsel before making investment decisions. No company or entity mentioned herein is accused of fraud or illegal activity; references to consumer alerts reflect public advisories issued by the Arkansas Attorney General and utility providers.

Works cited

1. Arkansas to cut 1:1 solar net metering rate - pv magazine USA, accessed November 30, 2025, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2024/09/19/arkansas-to-cut-11-solar-net-metering-rate/
2. Net Metering Policies in Arkansas for Solar Energy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/energy/solar/net-metering.aspx
3. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund | US EPA, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund
4. Residential Solar Tax Credit Going Away In US After 2025 - GreenLancer, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.greenlancer.com/post/solar-tax-credit-ending
5. Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) – SEIA, accessed November 30, 2025, https://seia.org/solar-investment-tax-credit/
6. Solar Rebates and Solar Tax Credits for Arkansas - Unbound Solar, accessed November 30, 2025, https://unboundsolar.com/solar-information/state-solar-incentives/arkansas
7. Homeowner's Guide to the Federal Tax Credit for Solar Photovoltaics - Department of Energy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f82/Guide%20to%20Federal%20Tax%20Credit%20for%20Residential%20Solar%20PV%20-%202021.pdf
8. Arkansas Solar Incentives 2025 - A1 SolarStore Magazine, accessed November 30, 2025, https://a1solarstore.com/blog/arkansas-solar-incentives.html
9. Arkansas EV Tax Credits, Rebates and Incentives - Qmerit, accessed November 30, 2025, https://qmerit.com/location/arkansas/
10. Residential Clean Energy Credit | Internal Revenue Service, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/residential-clean-energy-credit
11. Hope Enterprise receives $93.67 million for solar programs in Arkansas, accessed November 30, 2025, https://talkbusiness.net/2024/04/hope-enterprise-receives-93-67-million-for-solar-programs-in-arkansas/
12. Hope Enterprise Corporation », accessed November 30, 2025, https://hope-ec.org/
13. Hope Enterprise Corporation » Apply for Funding, accessed November 30, 2025, https://hope-ec.org/solar-for-all/apply-for-funding/
14. Biden-Harris Administration Announces Arkansas' Hope Enterprise Corporation to Receive over $93 Million to Deliver Residential Solar, Lowering Energy Costs and Advancing Environmental Justice - EPA, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-arkansas-hope-enterprise-corporation-receive
15. SB295 Bill Information - Arkansas State Legislature, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB295&ddBienniumSession=2023%2F2023R
16. Act 278 of the Regular Session - Arkansas State Legislature, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2023R%2FPublic%2FACT278.pdf
17. Arkansas Public Service Commission Net-Metering Rules, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FAssembly%2FMeeting+Attachments%2F040%2F26244%2FF.2.a+PSC+Net-Metering+Rules+and+Act+278+of+2023.pdf
18. Net Metering - South Central Arkansas Electric Cooperative, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.scaec.com/energy-services/net-metering/
19. Missouri & Arkansas Solar Incentives: What's Changing in 2025? - Solera Energy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://soleraenergyllc.com/blog/missouri-arkansas-solar-incentives-in-2025/
20. Net metering services - Entergy Arkansas, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergyarkansas.com/net-metering
21. Legacy Net-Metering Service - Entergy Arkansas, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergyarkansas.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/eal_ln-m.pdf
22. Entergy Arkansas' Solar Energy Option, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergyarkansas.com/residential/solar-option
23. District solar project delayed by utility interconnection costs and equipment lead times, vendor says - Citizen Portal AI, accessed November 30, 2025, https://citizenportal.ai/articles/6702288/Arkansas/District-solar-project-delayed-by-utility-interconnection-costs-and-equipment-lead-times-vendor-says
24. First Electric Cooperative Condensed Rate Schedule, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.firstelectric.coop/pdfs/Condensed%20Rate%20Schedule%20April%202025.pdf
25. Powering Growth: AAEA's Role in SWEPCO's Rate Case - Arkansas Advanced Energy Association, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.arkansasadvancedenergy.com/news/aaea-granted-intervenor-status-in-swepco-rate-case
26. Arkansas Solar Incentives: Tax Credits & Rebates 2024 | SaveOnEnergy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.saveonenergy.com/solar-energy/arkansas/
27. Entergy Arkansas 2025 Formula Rate Plan, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergyarkansas.com/frp2025
28. Entergy customers' bills to drop starting in April - Talk Business & Politics, accessed November 30, 2025, https://talkbusiness.net/2024/11/entergy-customers-bills-to-drop-starting-in-april/
29. Arkansas Solar Incentives, Tax Credits & Rebates 2025 - EnergySage, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.energysage.com/local-data/solar-rebates-incentives/ar/
30. Residential Demand Response Programs - ClearlyEnergy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://clearlyenergy.com/residential-demand-response-programs
31. Facts About Solar - First Electric Cooperative, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.firstelectric.coop/facts-about-solar
32. Net Metering Service - First Electric Cooperative, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.firstelectric.coop/net-metering
33. News Releases - Arkansas Attorney General, accessed November 30, 2025, https://arkansasag.gov/news-alerts/news-releases/
34. Attorney General Issues Letter to Solar Companies - Craighead Electric Cooperative, accessed November 30, 2025, https://craigheadelectric.coop/attorney-general-issues-letter-to-solar-companies/
35. Consumer Alert: Attorney General Griffin Warns Against Home Solicitation Scams, accessed November 30, 2025, https://arkansasag.gov/news-release/consumer-alert-attorney-general-griffin-warns-against-home-solicitation-scams/
36. Don't be deceived by solar scams - Craighead Electric Cooperative, accessed November 30, 2025, https://craigheadelectric.coop/dont-be-deceived-by-solar-scams/
37. Entergy Arkansas warns of solar scammers, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergy.com/blog/entergy-arkansas-warns-solar-scammers
38. Shining the light on solar power and solar scams: Get the facts first - Entergy, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.entergy.com/blog/shining-the-light-on-solar-power-and-solar-scams-get-the-facts-first
39. ENFORCEMENT ADVISORY TO ARKANSAS SOLAR COMPANIES, accessed November 30, 2025, https://media.ark.org/ag/2023-10-05-Solar-Enforcement-Advisory-FINAL.pdf
40. Rural Energy for America Program Renewable Energy Systems & Energy Efficiency Improvement Guaranteed Loans & Grants - USDA Rural Development, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/energy-programs/rural-energy-america-program-renewable-energy-systems-energy-efficiency-improvement-guaranteed-loans
41. Rural Energy For America Program (REAP), accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.rd.usda.gov/inflation-reduction-act/rural-energy-america-program-reap
42. Single Family Housing Repair Loans & Grants in Arkansas - USDA Rural Development, accessed November 30, 2025, https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/single-family-housing-programs/single-family-housing-repair-loans-grants-28
43. Arizona rooftop solar customers will have a monthly fee added to their bills in 2025, accessed November 30, 2025, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2024/12/19/arizona-rooftop-solar-customers-will-have-a-monthly-fee-added-to-their-bills-in-2025/ </a